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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1544 | - 1544: Henry's VIII's "Rough Wooing" of the Scottish Borders
- 1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
|
| 2 | 1545 | - 20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent
|
| 3 | 1546 | - 1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
- 1546: Smalkaldic War
|
| 4 | 1547 | - 1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
- 1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
- 1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
- 28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
- 20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
- 10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the
British Isles
|
| 5 | 1548 | - 1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so)
|
| 6 | 1549 | - 1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal
- 1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
- 1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
- 1549: Christianity reaches Japan
- 9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
|
| 7 | 1550 | - 1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
|
| 8 | 1551 | - 1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms
and banns of marriage
|
| 9 | 1552 | - Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
|
| 10 | 1553 | - 6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
- 19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
|
| 11 | 1554 | - 1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor
- 12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
|
| 12 | 1556 | - 21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
|
| 13 | 1558 | - 1558: System of Counties adopted
- 1558: Scottish parish registers start
- 7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
- 24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran
- 17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister
Elizabeth
|
| 14 | 1559 | - 1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
- 1559: John Knox returns from Continent
- 15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of
Carlisle
- 29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England
& Wales; established Church of England
|
| 15 | 1560 | - 1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland
- 27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and
the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
|
| 16 | 1561 | - 1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
- 1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it
was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was
introduced in 1663
|
| 17 | 1562 | - 1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins
|
| 18 | 1563 | - 28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
|
| 19 | 1564 | - 26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised
|
| 20 | 1565 | - 29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first
cousin
|
| 21 | 1566 | - 9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
|
| 22 | 1567 | - 10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
- 15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
- 24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
|
| 23 | 1568 | - 13 May 1568: Battle of Langside
|
| 24 | 1569 | - 1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
|
| 25 | 1570 | - 25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate
Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
|
| 26 | 1571 | - 1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
- 1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest
- 1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
- 23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham
|
| 27 | 1576 | |
| 28 | 1577 | - 1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
|
| 29 | 1579 | - 1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
|
| 30 | 1580 | - 1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
- 1580: Colonisation of Ireland
- 6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned
by Shakespeare
|
| 31 | 1581 | - 1581: English Levant Company founded
- 16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
- 4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after
circumnavigating the world
|
| 32 | 1583 | - 1583: University of Edinburgh founded
- 1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
- Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's,
Newfoundland
|
| 33 | 1584 | - 4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on
Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina)
|
| 34 | 1585 | - 1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
|
| 35 | 1587 | - 1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
- 8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
- 19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
- 11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina
|
| 36 | 1588 | - 1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
- 19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
- 29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
|
| 37 | 1591 | - 1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
|
| 38 | 1592 | - 1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
- 1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established
- 1592—1596: Seneca nation plague
Seneca nation - Desease Measles
|
| 39 | 1593 | - 1593: British statute mile established by law
|
| 40 | 1594 | - 1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
|
| 41 | 1596 | - 1596—1692: Spain - Plague
Spain Plague
|
| 42 | 1597 | - 1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor
|
| 43 | 1598 | - 1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start
|
| 44 | 1600 | - 1600—1650: South America - malaria
Desease Malaria
- 1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
- 31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
|
| 45 | 1601 | - 1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
- 1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
|
| 46 | 1602 | - 20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
- 8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
|
| 47 | 1603 | - 1603: London Plague
London Desease: Plague
- 24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns
- 25 Jul 1603: Coronation
|
| 48 | 1604 | - 1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: "Othello" first presented
|
| 49 | 1605 | - 5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
|
| 50 | 1606 | - 1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed,
and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
- 1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
- 31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
- Mar 1606: Australia
A ship of the Dutch East India Company lands on and explores the western Cape Of York, North Queensland, Australia.
- 12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of "Great Britain" (the term Union Jack is
used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
|
| 51 | 1607 | - 14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled
|
| 52 | 1608 | - 1608: First use of telescope by Galileo
- 3 Jul 1608: Canada, Quebec
Quebec is founded
|
| 53 | 1609 | - 1609: Egypt Plague
Egypt Disease: Plague
|
| 54 | 1610 | - 1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland
|
| 55 | 1611 | - 1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
- 22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
|
| 56 | 1613 | - 1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small
- 29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth
(finally pulled down in 1644)
|
| 57 | 1616 | - 1616—1619: Southern New England Plague
Killed 30% to 90% of population Southern New England, especially the Wampanoag people Unknown cause. Latest research suggests epidemic(s) of Disease Leptospirosis with Disease Weil syndrome. Classic explanations include Yellow fever, Plague, influenza, Smallpox, chickenpox, typhus, and syndemic infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D.
- 23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
|
| 58 | 1618 | - 1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
|
| 59 | 1619 | - 4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in
Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the
Americas)
|
| 60 | 1620 | - 1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley
- 21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America
|
| 61 | 1621 | - 1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
|
| 62 | 1622 | - 1622: First English newspaper appeared - "Weekly News"
|
| 63 | 1624 | - 1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected
- 1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
|
| 64 | 1625 | - 1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
- 27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
|
| 65 | 1628 | - 1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns)
pay ship tax by this date
|
| 66 | 1629 | |
| 67 | 1630 | |
| 68 | 1633 | - 1633: Thirteen Colonies Plague
The Thirteen Colonies were the British Colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded between 1607 (Virginia) and 1733 (Georgia) that joined together to declare independence in 1776. The Plymouth Colony had a plague of Smallpox.
- Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
|
| 69 | 1634 | - 1634: Thirteen Colonies Plague
The Thirteen Colonies were the British Colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded between 1607 (Virginia) and 1733 (Georgia) that joined together to declare independence in 1776. The Connecticut River Colony had a plague of Smallpox.
|
| 70 | 1635 | - 1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started
- 1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
|
| 71 | 1636 | - 1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
- 1636: England-New Castle Plague
New Castle, England Disease: Plague
|
| 72 | 1638 | - 1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason
|
| 73 | 1639 | - 1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
|
| 74 | 1640 | - 3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish
invasion
|
| 75 | 1641 | - 1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England
- 1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland
- 1641—1644: China Plague
The Chinese Disease Plague helped end the Ming Dynasty
- 23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
|
| 76 | 1642 | - 1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers
- 1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)
- 22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham
- 13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green
- 24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)
- 18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
|
| 77 | 1643 | - 13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton
|
| 78 | 1644 | - 29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge
- 2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York
|
| 79 | 1645 | - 1645: Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland
- 1645: Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot
soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia
- 1645: Plague made its last appearance in Scotland
- 14 Jun 1645: Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces
|
| 80 | 1646 | - 5 May 1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark
- 20 Jun 1646: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
|
| 81 | 1647 | |
| 82 | 1648 | - 1648: Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox
- 1648: First practical thermometers made
- 1648: South American Plague
South America Disease: Yellow fever
|
| 83 | 1649 | - 1649: Cromwell's Irish campaign starts
- 1649: King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
- 6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial
- 30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed
- 19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared
- 20 Dec 1649: Theatres banned by Cromwell
- 20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
|
| 84 | 1650 | - 1650: Coffee brought to England about this time
|
| 85 | 1651 | - 1651: The second English Civil War (1651-1652)
- 1651: Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America
- 3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
|
| 86 | 1653 | - 1653: Commonwealth registers start
- 1653: Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land
- 1653: Provincial probate courts abolished
- 20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
- 16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,
Scotland and Ireland
|
Abt 1544 - 